Ice-machine.



8 SHBETS-SHEET 1.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

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D. L. HOLDEN.

IGE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNI: so, 1910.

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D. L. HOLDEN.

1GB MACHINE I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30, 1910. 1,054,771. Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

8 BEEETS-BEHET 2.

fg/jlb@ D. L. HOLDEN.

ICE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30, 1910.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

D. L. HOLDEN.

ICE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE so, 1910.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

s SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ITI .QN NN NMI [NI/ENTOR WTNESSES D. L. HLDEN.

ICE MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE so, 1910.

Patented Mar.4,1913.

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ICE MACHINE# APPLICATION FILED JUNE so, 1910.

Patented Mar.4,191`3.

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WITNESSES '8. 19.v #am D. L. HOLDEN.

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l APPLICATION FILED JUNE 30, 1910. 1 ,054,771. Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7- D. L. HOLDEN. ICB MACHINE. APPLIOATION FILED .TUNE 30, 1910.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913. l

WITNES ES UNITED sTATEs PATENroEEIoE.

DANIEL I.. HOLDEN, OE NEW YORK, N. Y., AssrcfNoEu To FEDERAL .ICE MACHINE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OE MAINE. y f

lroE-ivrACHrNE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 4, 1913.

Application filed. June 30, 1910. Serial No. 569,796.

To all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL L. HOLDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at the Yborough of Manhattan, in the city, county,

My inventionrelates to ice machines. Its

Objectis to provide a compact and efficient apparatus by which my regelation process of producing ice may be eifectively practiced on a commercial scale. f

To this end it comprises combinations' and d et-ails of mechanism which recentcommercial demonstration has proved are capable of carrying out my process.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan of an ice-plant showing an arrangement of the several parts of the plant and the pipe connections. Fig. 2 is a broken, side elevation `of a freezing cylinder, knife-bar and operating parts with the surrounding water-tank shown in section. Fig. -3 is an elevation from the driving end of the freezing cylinder trunnions and water-tank with part in section and other parts broken and removed. Figa is a partial central section through one of the freezing cylinders with associated parts. Fig. 5 is an elevation of an end of the watertank. Fig. 6 is a plan View of a part of the knife-bar with some of the 'knives in place. Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on a line transverse of lig. 6. Fig. 8 v(on the same sheet wit-h Fig. 2) is a broken detail of the hood or ice-shield over the knife-bar.

Fig. 9 is a broken elevation of a l. regelation in which particles of ice are cut f from an ice-sheet formed on the surface of a refrigerated cylinder rotating in water and in which the particles or spicules of ice so removed are carried to a press with a proper proportion of the water from the tank, the commingled spicules and water being then pressed to squeeze out the water and Compress the moist spicules so that they regeal and form cakes of ice which are then discharged from the press.

- A plant for carrying out my process necessarily comprises an apparatus for circulating a refrigerating medium. A preferred apparatus for this service is one such as is indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawings, which comprises `a duplex compressor forcing. an ammonia gas under high pressure to a condenser, the liquid ammonia then passing to -a receiver from which it is fed through eX- pansion valves to the regealing mechanism. In the illustration of this application, the regealing mechanism comprises parallel horizontal freezing cylinders immersed in' Water and rotating' 1n opposite directions upon hollow trunnions. The liquid ammonia, fed through lthe hollow trunnions of the freezing cylinders, falls into the interior at an exactly regulated rate and is distributed over t-he inner surface of each cylinder expanding and then discharging as low-pressure gas at the opposite end of each cylinder, from whence itflows back to the compressor. Between the freezing cylind'ers and parallel with them is located a knife-bar carrying a series of knives whose cut-ting edges are held in close contact with t-he surface of the freezing cylinders so that when a cake of ice, of, say, approximately one-eighth of an inch thick is formed, it may be cut from the rotating cylinder, ioating up in 'the form of ice spicules toward the surface of t-he water.

The knife-bar in the preferred construction illustrated forms with the two plates extending across the water-tank an icetrough for the spicules.

In order that the ice coating may be permitted to form of the requisite thickness and to be uniformly removed from the sur- `face of the freezing cylinders the knife-bar and the knives must be given a reciprocating movement precisely graduated to the freezing conditions. This is ldone by means of a cam mechanism operating upon a connecting rod secured to the knife-bar. lVhile the knives are operating upon certain zones of the cylinders the intervening zones are accumulating rings of ice into which on the vsucceeding adjustments of the knife-bar the -the freezing cylinders are carried, and centrally of the ice-trough, is located a rightand-left screw conveyer operated, by preference, from the rotating trunnion of one of the freezing cylinders and properly gaged in its operation so that it may carry away the ice particles from each end to the middle of the tank without unduly agitating t-he water in the tank. In the center of the screw conveyer, one at the end of each of the helices, is located a pair of beaters which prevent the formation of lumps of ice too large to be readily carried to the presses. In the event, however, of any such occasional block or lump forming or of an undue accumulation of ice-particles the lump or mass will be forced to one side and through the swinging gate of one of the plates on the side of the ice-trough, thus preventing the clogging of the ice-trough and especially of the mouth of the ice-intake Aor suction-pipe which leads to a rotary pump. This pump bears such a relation to the spicule forming means that it draws in just the proper mixture of ice-particles and water. That is, a mixture so proportioned that the ice-particles are not permitted to assemble and cohere before they leave the rotary pump and are kept separated and are easily forced. forward through the intakepipe, the pump and the feed-pipes -to a pair of presses working alternately. This mixture is so delivered to the presses that when the water is squeezed out the ice is in a condition to be pressed with just sufficient water to surround each particle an'd perfect the regelation action, thus insuring the rapid production of solid cakes of pure ice of a substantially uniform size.

In this apparatus all the part-s work as a unit and it is essential that all the details not only surround and protect the regela-4 tinn mechanism, but may also serve as a support for the press mechanism as illustrated in Fig. 11, the dotted line in that ligure indicating one of the I-beams of steel running up to the press platform.

1G represents a wooden or tile insulating and protect-ing sheathing surrounding the steel construction, or, more particularly, surrounding that portion of the construction within which is inclosed the water-tank, to be hereinafter described.

17 represents a platform of wood or tile construction carried by the steel structure and supporting the press mechanism, when it is desired to so place the presses.

1S is a water-tank having, preferably, an insulating double wooden or tile top 19, and having, preferably,v a rounded bott-om to prevent any churning of the water.

2() is a steel construction foundation frame to which the water-tank is bolted, and comprising longitudinal and crossbcams, as illustrated.

4Atpeach end of the tank is a frame 21 adapted to receive the trunnions of the freezing cylinders and to this frame are bolted plates 22 so as to close and seal the ends of the tank.

23 are standards which are, preferably, a part of the steel construction and which, as hereinafter described, form bearing blocks for the operative parts of the regelation mechanism, and which have webs 24- located at the points on which the driving strain is centered.

25 represents. each of a pair of freezing cylinders located in and traversing the water-tank considerably below the water level and considerabl above the bottom of the tank, that is, su istantially as illustrated in Fig. 11. IVhile I have shown a' pair of cylinders as the preferred arrangement it is to be understood that one may be used and, more particularly, that a number of pairs or a series may be employed. Each freezing cylinder has at each end a heavy head 26 bolted to the metal rolls which form the refrigerating .walls of the cylinder. The

-heads are preferably integral with hollow trunnions 27 and 28,` one extending' from opposite ends of each of the freezing cylinders. These trunnions have an expanded bore, as indicated at 29, and this forms, in connection with a comparatively thin tube 30 of metal, an annular chamber'as an insulating feature. i

3l represents sealed bearing blocks for each trunnion at each end of the Water-tank,

that is, at the front or 'driving end and at the opposite or rear end. These bearings have the usual glands orstuiiing-boxes as indicated and maybe of the form illustrated, that is, of sleeve construction bolted to the plates at the end of the tank, or ofv any similar effective construction.

32 is an ammonia-box, there being one for each freezing cylinder, and each one prof vided withl a head 33 and an oppositely eX- tending sleeve having provision for receiving a gland as indicated. Each ammonia' box is provided with a circular bearing-ring 34, as indicated, to form a supplemental bearing for the trunnions 27 and 28, each ammonia-box, for this purpose, being firmly press.

bolted to a standard 23.

is a return ammonia-pipe, one being screwed into the top of each ammonia-box and 36 is an ammonia in-feed pipe coming from the compressori andi one passing through the head 33 of each of the ammonia-boxes.

The trunnion 27, carries a gear-'wheel 37 keyed to it and the trunnion 28 carries a corresponding drive-wheel 38. These two gearwheels mesh, the wheel 38 being driven by a pinion 39 which derives its power from any suitable source.

40 are pipes which carry back to the water-tank the water squeezed out by the action of the presses, as hereinafter described, there being one of these pipes leading from each This return water which is slightly warmer than thev water .in the tank discharges immediately above the trunnion bcaring'projecting'into the water-tank near the end of the freezing cylinder, serving thus in a measure to equalize the refrigerating effect upon the head ofthe cylinder adjacent to the return gas-pipe. This wat/ersupply is supplemental to the regulated water-supply indicated in Fig. 7.

41 is a pipe for discharging the water from the tank, upon occasion or when itis necessary to empty the tank.

42 is a pipe through which hot water may be introduced into the bottom of the tank when it is desired to quickly raise the temperature of the water and thereby more rapidly neutralize the refrigerating effect when.

the machine is to be stopped.

43-a-re knife-bar standards" of a design preferably such as is illustrated inv Fig. 11, to best accommodate themselves to the construction and action of the freezing cylinders and at the same time give a firm foundation to the series of knives which in cutting the ice from the cylinders necessarily cause great strain upon the supporting structure. The standards are bolted, as

illustrated, to the botto-m of the tank and flanges of the steel-foundation 20.v f

44 is a bar or hollow block fixed or securedA in the head of theknife standard 43, and

forming a guide-bar.

A cap-block 45, which may be termed the knife-bar, of substantially the same length,

` lits over the base-block or guide-bar 44. :The base-block and cap-block have grooves serve to reduce friction when one is recipro-v cated on the other, or, to state it in functional terms, when the knifebar is reciprocated on the guide-bar.

The knife-bar 45 has at regular intervals on each side a series of 'webs 48. Across these webs and across the corresponding part of the knife-bar pass knife-grooves 49 in which lie a series of projecting knives 50. Each knife has a substantially rectangular body with a beveled edge so that the knife may be presented to the surface of each freezing cylinder to cut away the particles of ice with a planing action. Each knife is held in place by .plates 51 and bolts 52, the arrangement being such that each plate is passed over the shank of two adjacent knives and each bolt serves to hold in place the plate and-two knives. It will be observed that this knife structure is readily assembled and when assembled is powerful and steady, while at the same time being arranged so that the knife-bar and its knives may be readily reciprocated. j

Over the knife-bar and carried by it lies a hood or ice-shield 53 having parts cut away as at 54 so that a knife may project through each ofthe cuts. This hood is an important feature not only as forming a basev for the ice-trough, but alsoq as having especial functions. Were it not for this `hood the ice- .particles would build up on' the irregularities, such as the bolts, nut-heads, etc., on the knife-bar to such an extent that the machine would have to be stopped'to cut away the accumulated ice. The hood serves also to give an upward direction to the ice-particles.

The revolving, freezing cylinder induces a current which passes along the hood and upward with the ice. The part of the hood which projects beyond the knife-bar deflects this induced current and thus directs into the current and upward particles of ice that would otherwise follow the rotation of the cylinder-and be carried down away from the line of feed of the ice-particles in the icetrough.

55 is a connect-ing rod or knife-operating rod secured to the knife-bar and screwthreaded as shown at o ne end 56, so that `it may be' adjustably secured to a cam-yoke 57, whose bottom rests in a slide-way 58, as in# dicated in Figs. 9 and 10.

59 is a tail-rod attached to the yoke and passing through a bearing 60 carried at thel 120 -top of a bracket 6l, which is bolted tooneA 64 is a sprocket-Wheel keyed to theend'of.-

the shaft 62 and is driven by a chain-165 bracket 63 to the standards`24.

70 is a cam bolted eccentrically at 71 to one side. of the gear-wheel 67.

72 are rollers oppositely journaled on y stud-bolts 73 in the face of the cam-yoke 57.

stance gets into the tanks.

74 represents a Set-screw stop for the purpose of accuratelyfregulating the extreme .throw of the knife-bar.

75 is a central shaft of an ice-conveyer to which are secured left and right helical wings 76. At one end of the shaft 7 5, which is journaled in the walls of the water-tank, is secured a sprocket-wheel 77. The sprocket-wheel 77 is driven by a chain 78 from the sprocket-wheel 79 keyed to the trunnion 28. It may be observed that one trunnion operates the ice-conveyer while the other trunnion operates the knife-bar, and that the mechanical appliances are so arranged that the strain is thus distributed and balanced between the trunnions of the two freezing cylinders.

80 are breakers which are secured at the inner end of each helical wing of the iceconveyer for the purpose of breaking up any lumps of ice which may happen to form.

On each side of the ice-conveyer is a plate 81 running clear across the tank, one above each cylinder and inclined at the top toward each other, so that these two plates and the knife-bar and hood form an ice-trough eX- tending across the tank and inclosing the ice-conveyer. This trough is a most important feature of the ice-machine and the relations of the various parts which form this trough and which operate in conjunction with it determine'the control of the production and supply of ice-particles.

In each of the plates is a gate or a series of gates 82. The purpose of these gates is to provide a relief when there is an overproduction of ice or when any foreign sub- In the latter event the gates may be pulled open by hand and the subst-ance removed. If there should be an over-production of ice, or the ice-particles not promptly carried away the screwconveyer will force the ice to the center where it will accumulate. In this case the gates are forced open automatically, allowing the surplus ice-particles to diffuse over the surface of the water in the tank outside of the ice-trough.

83 represents an ice-intake or suction-pipe which, in the preferred construction, runs up along the side of the wall of the tank,

passes over the top toabout the center and then downward to the space between the Wings of the screW-conveyer, from whlch it carries away the accumulated ice-particles. l

Aand the surrounding film of water on each particle and intervening between the various particles regeals and forms a cake of ice which is discharged by the action of the presses.

In this specification I have in the course of the description substantially set forth the operation of the apparatus.

It may be advantageous to briefly recapitulate the operation as a whole.

The ammonia gas (assuming that the gascompression method of refrigerating is to be used) is compressed and forced to the condenser, thence it is passed to the ammonia receiver and thence through the ammonia in-feed pipes to the two Ifreezing cylinders 25 which through the drive gearwheels 37, 38 are being rotated at the proper speed within the water-tank 18. As the liquid ammonia falls from the end of the pipe 36 it strikes the bottom-of the rotating freezing cylinder expanding into gas and so rapidly refrigerating the comparatively thin walls of the cylinder as to almost instantly cause the formation of an ice-film (which rapidly develops into an ice-sheet) from the water in the tank, maintained in this operation at approximately 34o F. The expanded gas finds an exit in each directionthrough the hollow trunnions 27, 28 and, as plainly indicated on the diagrammatic plan of Fig. 7, goes back to the compressor to be again compressedand again utilized in the familiar manner. v

In the earlier stages of the operation the knives will begin to eut the ice from the cylinders 25 before vthe full thickness of any zone or ring of ice has been reached. In a short time, however, as the knife moves to the right, for example, each zone beyond each set of operating knives, or corresponding with the intervals between each set of knives, will have reached the proper thickness. `As the'parts operate the worm 63 is driven by sprocket-wheel 64 receiving power from the sprocket-wheel 66 on the trunnion 27 and rotates the sprocket gear-wheel 67. The sprocket gear-wheel in its rotation carries with it the cam which is so formed and adjusted that, as it takes against a roller 72 on either side, there is a steady reciprocation either forward or backward according'.

' to which roller is being operated upon, so that diately beneath the water level. They are carried from right to left to a central pointby means of the conveyer-wings 76 and at this point the mouth of the suction-pipe S3 is presented so that the mass of ice-particles is drawn into the pipe with sufficient water to properly commingle the parts of the mixture, and keep the ice-particles separated so that the mixture may be delivered in the proper condition to the presses through the pipes 86 by the action of the rotary pump.

The beaters 80 turn constantly so that the screw-conveyers operate on each side of the mass of ice-particles drawn over to the-central point and prevent any assembling of the particles into heavy lumps. If, however, by reason of an over-production of ice-particles, or from any other cause, there should be an undue accumulation of ice-particles at the center of the ice-trough the lump or 4inders. The special construction of the'trunmass will`be forced out through opposite gates 82 in the ice-trough plates 81` the gates yielding to permit the discharge of the lump or mass and' then closing against the return. Lying in the .water on the other side this lump or mass shortly disintegrates and, in any event, can produce no untoward results in the operation of the apparatus.

In this apparatusthe rotation of the freezy ing cylinders must be precisely gaged to theA action of the refrigerating medium and the formation of ice on the exterior of the cylnion, the manner in which the escaping gases pass over the. iniowing gas, the return of `the water from the presses immediately above the trunnions, all act to equalize the effects of the refrigerating medium and the;

refrigeration so as to produce a uniform lresult. The adjust-ment of the knives, their v numberV and their relation to the freezing cylinders are such also as to precisely serve to remove the desired quantity of ice from the freezing cylinders, and the relative arrangement of the knife-bar andthe icetrough plates is such as to insure a desired delivery of the ice-particles to the central accumulating point. The suction-pipe-and theV rotary pump are also arranged with exact reference to the conditions existing in the refrigeration going on in the watertank, and the driving means are so adjusted and. operated@ to, equalize' ,the strain upon the apparatus and produce the most measured and synchronous operation of the various parts. All these features and functions are also adjusted with reference to thev action of the duplex presses and the amount of ice required to be supplied to the presses to enable a steady production of ice in the form of commercial cakes. In the detailed construction, as, for eX- ample, in the knife-bar, strength and ready adjustability have been secured, and this is true also of the rframes, standards and bearings of the structure, all of which have beengrelatively arranged to secure the greatest economy of construction. Theapparatus as a whole perculiarly lends itself to economy of space; This is due, rst, to the fact that a regelation plant requires no cans or water channels, and, additionally and further, to the compact relation of the several parts of this specific structure for carerying out my regelation process. c

is peculiarly adapted to carry out my process there are, ofcourse, various mechanical details which are illustrative rather than essential; and mechanical equivalents may be readily substituted for many of the parts, while retaining the desired relation and my invention.

I claim ,Y

1. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank having means for maintaining a water-level, a rotating cylinder in the tank, means for refrigerating the cylinder, knives formed on the cylinder, meansfor shifting the knives to present them to successive zones of the ice-sheet, a suction-pipe operating immediately below the water-level in the tank, a pump communicating with the suction-pipe, a press and a pipe leading from the pump to the press.

a Water-tank, a rotating freezin cylinder in the tank, a knife-bar holding ives adjacent to the circumference of the freezing cylinder, means for shifting the position of the knife-bar, a suction-pipe whose mouth lies immediately below the level of the water in the tank, a pump, a press and connecting pipes.

3. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, a pair of rotating freezing cylinders in the tank, an intermediate knifebar holding knives for operating on the ice formed on the surface of the freezing cylinders, means for gradually shifting the knifebar, a right-and-left screw-conveyer above the knife-bar, 'a delivery-pipeleading to the division point of the conveyer, a press and means for carrying the ice-spicules from the delivery-pipe t@ the press. Y

While the construction herein illustrated for cutting spicules from the ice-sheetv function of the parts which is the essence of 2. In an ice-machine, the combination of' 4. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, a pair of rotating freezing cylinders in the`tvank,an intermediate knifebar holding knives for operating on the ice formed on the surface of the freezing cylinders, a right-and-left screw-conveyer above the knife-bar bearing beaters at the inner ends of the two screw parts, and means for carrying away the icespicules.

5. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, a pair of rotating freezing cylinders in the tank, each cylinder having on each end a hollow trunnion which serve as passages for the refrigerating medium, a movable knife-bar, a conveyer, the knife-bar being operated from one trunnion and the conveyer from the other.

6. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, a pair of rotating freezing cylinders in the tank, each cylinder having a hollow trunnion at each end serving as passages for the refrigerating medium, the trunnion at one end turning in a hollow block which forms an ammonia-box, the sup-v ply-pipe yfor the refrigerating ammonia passing through the ammonia-box and the trunnion.

7. In an ice-machine comprising a watertank, freezing cylinders and supplemental ice forming apparatus, a knife-bar for operating on the ice-sheet formed on the freezing cylinders, comprising a base-block, a cap-block fitting over the base-block, and a connecting rod secured to the cap-block and a cam mechanism for advancing and retracting the cap-block to shift the position of the lmives.

8. In an ice-machine comprising freezing cylinders and means for refrigerating the cylinders to form ice on the exterior of them,

a knife-bar for operating upon the ice comprising a base-block, a cap-block transversely grooved to receive the shanks of the knives, plates to cover the Shanks of the knives and securing bolts, and means for gradually reciprocating the knife-bar.

9. In an ice-machine comprising horizontal freezing cylinders and refrigerating means for forming iee on the exterior of the cylinders, a knife-bar parallel with the freezing cylinders, means for gradually l shifting the knife-bar and a hood or ice*-y shield carried by and lying over the knifebar, the ends of the knives project-ing through the hood.

10. In an ice-machine, the combination of va water-tank, a rotating pair of cylinders lin the tank, hollow trunnions extending from each end of each of the cylinders, in termeshing and driving gear-wheels secured to the trunnions at one end and sprocket-- wheels secured to each of the trunnions at the opposite end, a knife-bar, a cam ,mechanism connected with the knife-bar, and a screw-conveyer, the sprocket-wheel on one trunnion serving to voperate the conveyer and the sprocket-wheel on thel other trunnion serving toA operate the cam mechanism.

11. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, parallel horizontal rotating cylinders longitudinal of the tank, a standard at each end of the tank, a guide-bar secured to the tops of the standards, a knifebar resting on the guide-bar and closing t-he space between the cylinders, plates forming an ice-trough above the cylinders, a conveyer in the ice-trough, and means-for removing the ice-spicules collected by the conveyer.

12. In an ice-machine, the combination of a Water-tank, a pair of rotating freezing Icylinders in the tank, an intermediate knife-bar between the freezing cylinders closing the space between them and operating'on each of the cylinders, an. ice-trough above the cylinders comprising opposing plates extending across the tank and forming an ice trough, a conveyer for the ice-particles above the knife-bar and between the plates forming the ice-trough, and a delivery-pipe leading to the point of accumulation of the ice-particles in the trough.

13. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, a pair of rotating freezing cylinders in the tank, an intermediate knife,- bar between the freezing cylinders, opposing plates above the cylinders and extendingy 'v means for removing the ice-particles leading to the point of accumulation in the trough, and a yielding gate in oneof the spaces adjacent to the point of accumulation.

14. In an ice-machine, the combination with a water-tank, of means for forming ice-spicules, means for accumulating them at a given point at the surface of the water, means for drawing'the ice-spicules and a portion of water from the tank, and a press to receive the commingled spicules and water.'

15. In an ice-machine, i, a water-tank, a pair of freezing cylinders in the tank,

a knife-bar substantially closing the space between the cylinders, and a plate above each cylinder forming with the knifebar an ice-trough to guide andy inclose the ice-spicules. i

16. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, a pair of freezing cylinders, a plate above each cylinder extending longitudinally of the tank and inclined at the top toward each other, the plates forming -side walls of van ice-trough, and means for removing the ice-spicules from the trough.

17. In an ice-machine, the combination of a water-tank, means for forming ice-spicules f in the tank, a located below the level the return water leading from the press to a point in the tank adjacent the trunnions of the freezing cylinders.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto 15 signed my name in the presence of two subscribing wltnesses.

DANIEL L. HOLDEN.

Witnesses:

W. P. HURLBERT, W. H. KELLER. 

